We evaluate the impact of loan-to-value restrictions on household financial vulnerability. Using Norwegian tax data, we first document a beneficial leverage effect, in which households respond to the regulation by reducing house purchase probabilities, debt and interest expenses. Second, we...

We introduce shocks to the availability of US dollar funding for non-US financial intermediaries in a two-country New Keynesian model with financial frictions. Such dollar shortages lead to uncovered interest rate parity deviations and have a significant negative effects on the macroeconomy....

This paper investigates how monetary expansion affects household consumption and savings through household debts. Using monetary policy cuts in China in the end of 2008 as an experiment, we find that the resulted increase in indebted households’ disposable income leads to increasing...

This paper develops a new class of poverty and inequality measures we call common prosperity. This measure complements existing classes of measures and allows decomposition across income sources or components of consumption expenditure. This framework enables us to study the trade-off between...

We build a tractable two-agent New Keynesian (TANK) model to jointly study four types of policy: conventional monetary policy, quantitative easing (QE), government expenditures, and lump-sum transfers. We find QE, transfers, and government spending can have the same effects on the aggregate...

Using OeNB Euro Survey data from fall 2020, we will briefly address the questions: Who has been affected by the covid-19 pandemic and how severely? We will look at the results along three dimensions: (1) across main socio-economic characteristics, (2) across regions and countries, (3) across...

Governments around the world have gone on a massive fiscal expansion in response to the Covid crisis, increasing government debt to levels not seen in 75 years. How will this debt be repaid? What role do conventional and unconventional monetary policy play? We investigate debt sustainability in...