After the 2014 Ukraine Crisis: What's Next for the EU-Turkey Energy Relations?

Over the last two decades energy has emerged as an increasingly important component of the overall EU-Turkey relations. In particular, the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) and its flagship project, Nabucco, soon became the pivotal element of the EU-Turkey energy relations. After years of strong cooperation, the failure of Nabucco and the emergence of TANAP have ultimately outlined a divergence in the way the EU and Turkey perceive not only the SGC but also their energy relations. This divergence represents a serious risk for the strategic interests of both the EU and Turkey, and for this reason there is a need to rethink the EU-Turkey energy relations. This need is now particularly urgent, as the market and political environment on which Nabucco was conceptualized is rapidly changing, potentially opening up new opportunities of energy cooperation for the EU and Turkey. If in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukraine crisis the EU will seriously embark on a natural gas supply diversification path, the SGC could gain a new momentum, with the gas reserves of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Israel as primary target. However, after the failure of Nabucco the support of Turkey should not be taken for granted by the EU, as the country might prefer to secure its own energy supply on a bilateral basis with gas producing countries. In order to avoid the risk of a further fragmentation of the SGC, a new EU-Turkey Natural Gas Initiative -such as the one proposed in this paper- is thus urgently needed, for the benefit of both the EU and Turkey.