An Analysis of Productive Efficiency of University Commercialization Activities.

In this paper, we examine the productivity of commercial activity by US universities in the past six years. While it is generally acknowledged that there has been a dramatic increase in university licensing and patenting, there is little understanding as to the extent to which this is the result of increased resources devoted to commercialization or to technical change in commercialization, where technical change has the standard definition of any increase in outputs that cannot be attributed to an increase in inputs.