• Executive summary
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Rationale and context of the study
  • 1.2 Brief overview of EU law and policy context
  • 1.3 Study aims
  • 1.4 Scopeof the study
  • 1.5 Structure of the report
  • 1.6 Statistical overview of illegal employment of TCN in the EU
  • 2 Contextual overview of the general situation regarding illegal employment in the EU
  • 2.1 Statistics on the formaleconomy
  • 2.2 Illegal employment in EU Member States
  • 2.3 Recent or planned changes in law and practices
  • 3 Preventive measures and incentives and risk assessments
  • 3.1 Overview of preventive measures and incentives for employers<br<3.2 Overview of prevention measures and incentives foremployees
  • 3.3 Risk assessments
  • 3.4 Lessons Learnt, success factors andchallenges in prevention measures
  • 4Identification of illegal employment of TCNs
  • 4.1 National authorities responsible for identification and carrying out the inspections
  • 4.2 Identification measures
  • 4.3 Technical tools and methods used for identification
  • 4.4 Lessons Learnt, success factors andchallenges in identifyingillegal employment of third-country nationals
  • 5 Sanctions for employers
  • 5.1 Types of sanctions for employers
  • 5.2 Criminal sanctions for employers asper Article 9 (1) of the Employers’ Sanctions Directive
  • 5.3 Lessons learnt in implementing sanctions to employers
  • 6 Outcomes for TCNs found to be working illegally
  • 6.1 Return
  • 6.2 Detention Pending Deportation
  • 6.3 Imprisonment
  • 6.4 Fines
  • 6.5 Identification as a victim of trafficking of human beings
  • 6.6 Regularisation
  • 6.7 Possibility for compensation of unpaid wages and taxes
  • 6.8 Provision of information on rights
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