Introduction to Bunkering

Cover -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the author -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1 - What are Bunkers? -- Types of fuel -- Residual fuel -- Distillate fuel -- Daily consumption -- The size of the bunker market -- Chapter 2 - Who buys and who sells? -- Buyers -- Sellers -- Brokers -- Chapter 3 - Who else takes part? -- Port authorities -- Customs -- Delivery companies -- Agents -- Shipping jargon -- Ship types -- Chapter 4 - Prices -- Bunker price reports -- Hedging -- Posted prices -- Chapter 5 - How to buy, how to sell -- What to buy? -- Where to buy? -- Bunker ports -- Port restrictions -- Offshore deliveries -- How much to buy? -- Vessel restrictions -- When to buy? -- Enquiry -- Offer -- Model offers -- Delivery charges -- Negotiation -- Fixture -- Confirmation -- Post fixture -- Invoicing -- Payment -- Chapter 6 - Terms and Conditions -- Principal clauses -- Chapter 7 - Bunker properties -- Units -- Manufacture -- Elements -- Contaminants -- Adulterants -- Properties for which we test -- Density -- Viscosity -- Water -- Ash -- Carbon Residue -- Sulphur -- Aluminium -- Silicon -- Vanadium -- Total Sediment Potential (TSP) -- Sodium -- Calcium, zinc and phosphorous -- Iron -- Nickel -- Asphaltenes -- Pour point -- Flash point -- Hydrogen sulphide -- Stability -- Compatibility -- Ease of ignition -- Microbial contamination -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Screening -- Safety issues -- Fire and explosion -- Health -- Material Safety Data Sheets -- Pollution -- Chapter 8 - Bunker specifications -- Origins -- Current standards -- ISO 8217 -- CIMAC 2003 -- Chapter 9 - How are bunkers delivered? -- Barge -- Dumb barges -- Self propelled barges -- Coastal tankers -- Pipeline -- Road tanker -- Rail tanker -- Drum -- Booming -- Delivery procedures -- Access -- Communications -- Sampling.