Options to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areas.

Telecommunications sector policy-makers and regulators have a wide range of instruments available to them that can be used to increase access to telecommunications services in rural and low-income areas. The paper provides a review of these instruments, evaluating them against a set of criteria. It then goes on to identify a number of them that are worthy of further consideration by policy-makers and regulators while demonstrating that the effectiveness of the identified instruments can be greatly enhanced by the establishment of a conducive legal, regulatory and institutional framework. The paper concludes by confirming that while no single instrument taken in isolation can provide a full solution to universal access, a mix of the measures identified can be devised to achieve specific policy objectives in a particular country environment.

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Year of publication:	2009
Authors:	Kunigami, Arturo
Other Persons:	Navas-Sabater, Juan (contributor)
Publisher:	Herndon : World Bank Publications
Subject:	Lateinamerika \| Ländlicher Raum \| Niedrigeinkommen \| Telekommunikationspolitik
Description of contents:	Table of Contents [gbv.de]

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Extent:	1 online resource (56 pages)
Series:	World Bank Working Papers ; v.v. 178
Type of publication:	Book / Working Paper
Language:	English
Notes:	Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources. Contents; Abstract; Acknowledgments; Foreword; Acronyms and Abbreviations; 1. Introduction; 2. First Things First: Allow Markets to Work Well; Figure 2.1. Level of Competition in Mobile Markets and Mobile Penetration, 2007; Table 2.1. Emerging Trends in Telecommunications Regulation; 3. An Ever-Changing Industry: Changes and Trends in Rural Telecommunications since the Early 1990s; Figure 3.1. Growth of Mobile Subscribers Globally; Box 3.1. Enabling Rural Areas with Broadband Coverage; Box 3.2. The Fiber Optic National Network in Kenya; 4. Rationale for Universal Access Policy Instruments Table 4.1. Universal Access InstrumentsTable 4.2. Financial Support Mechanisms; 5. Assessing the Suitability of the Instruments; Table 5.1. Evaluation Criteria; Assessment Box 1. Asymmetric Interconnection; Box 5.1. Sharing the Risks to Increase Access in Tanzania; Assessment Box 2. Facilities Sharing and Open Access; Figure 3. Mobile Tariffs for Selected Operators (US per minute); Assessment Box 3. Flexible Use of Spectrum; Assessment Box 4. Licensing Local Operators; Table 5.2. Taxes on Mobile Services in African Countries; Assessment Box 5. Taxes and Import Duties Table 5.3. Outcomes of Minimum Subsidy Auctions for New Public Rural TelephonesAssessment Box 6. Reverse Auctions and OBA; Box 5.2. Financing for Small Local Operations; Assessment Box 7. Introduction of Bottom-Up Projects; Box 5.3. Government Demand Increases Broadband Coverage in Korea; Assessment Box 8. Institutional Demand Stimulation; Assessment Box 9. Licensing Obligations; Assessment Box 10. End-User Subsidies; Assessment Box 11. Access Deficit Charges; Table 5.4. Assessment of Mechanisms; 6. Implementation Arrangements; 7. Conclusion; Figure A.1. Market Gap and Access Gap Model Appendix. The "Gaps" ModelReferences
ISBN:	978-0-8213-8143-4 ; 978-0-8213-8140-3 ; 978-0-8213-8140-3
Source:	ECONIS - Online Catalogue of the ZBW

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