One of the distinctive features of national employment is that net increases in employment are concentrated in the Capital area. From 2005 to 2011, about 77.1% of the total increase in employment occurred in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon. The percentage for these capital areas had stood at about 67.1% from 1990 to 1995. Among regional areas, Gyeongnam, Daejeon, Chungcheong showed high increases in the number of people employed, while the numbers for Busan, Jeonnam, Daegu and Gyeongbuk declined over the same period.Another employment trend is that manufacturing jobs are mainly increasing in non-Capital areas, while knowledge service jobs are mostly located in the Capital area. Based on the Census on Establishment, employment increased by about 2.83 million from 2005 to 2010 across the country. By region, the Capital area increased by 58.9%, the Chungcheong area by 11.3%, and the Dongnam area by 10.9%.By industry, employment in the manufacturing sector decreased by 143,000 in the Capital area, but increased by 65,000 in the Chungcheong area and 40,000 in the Dongnam area. The decline in manufacturing employment of the Capital area is attributed to a decrease of about 192,000 manufacturing jobs in Seoul. In the case of publishing, broadcasting and communications, and information services, which are all classed as knowledge-based services, employment increased by about 88.4% from 2005 to 2010 within the Capital area, while employment within business services-related industries increased by 67.8% in the Capital area. In contrast, the health and social welfare services showed a similar growth rate across the nation. A “good job” refers to a regular full-time job that is secure and has a relatively high salary. The regions where the increase in such jobs was relatively high during the period from 2005 to 2011 included Gyeonggi, Seoul, Gyeongnam, Incheon, Busan and Chungnam. However, although the increased rate for these regular full-time jobs in Gyeonggi stood at 32.4%, it was much lower than the increase in the total number of jobs at 56.8%, as shown in Table 1 below. This suggests that while the total number of jobs increased considerably in Gyeonggi, many of them were temporary, unpaid, or self-employed jobs, so the quality of jobs did not improve very much.During the period from 2005 to 2010, the regions where the annual growth rate of regular employees was higher than the national average were Seoul, Daejeon, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk and Gyeongnam. The annual average growth rates for the total number of employees in these regions were also higher than the national average growth rate. In contrast, the growth rate for the total number of employees and for employment in Busan, Daegu, Ulsan, Gangwon and Gyeongbuk were lower than the national average. During the same period, in regions like Ulsan, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, the average annual growth rate for regular employees was low, while the growth rate for temporary and unpaid employees was higher than the national average, which demonstrated that employment security deteriorated in those regions.There was a great difference between the Capital and the non-Capital areas with regard to the types of industries and increases in the number of regular employees. The manufacturing industry showed a relatively high growth rate of regular employees in many regions, including Chungnam and Jeonbuk, while the service industry’s growth rate was only higher in the Capital area compared to the national average. However, among all service businesses, business services-related industries showed higher growth rates in many regions except for a few regions.Relatively high-paying jobs in large companies were concentrated in the Capital area. The percentage of employees working for companies with more than 300 employees in the Capital area was 60.4% in the total industry, 85.6% in knowledge-based services, and 33.0% in manufacturing in 2010. From 2005 to 2010, the number of employees of large companies grew by about 760,000 across the country. Approximately 73.7% (560,000) of this figure represents the increase in the Capital area. And in the knowledge-based service industry 87.9% (345,000) of that total represents the increase in the Capital area
