Technology and Employment : Innovation and Growth in the U. S. Economy

Technology and Employment -- Copyright -- Sponsors -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- TECHNOLOGY AND AMERICAN ECONOMIC WELFARE -- CENTRAL FINDINGS -- Employment and Wage Impacts of Technological Change in an Open Economy -- Technology and the Characteristics of Tomorrow's Jobs -- Technology and Work Force Adjustment -- POLICY OPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Recommendations for the Public Sector -- Policies for Worker Adjustment -- Training for Labor Market Entrants -- Equal Employment Opportunity -- Science and Technology Policy to Support the Adoption of New Technologies -- The Adequacy of the Data -- Health and Safety Impacts of Technological Change -- Recommendations for the Private Sector -- Labor-Management Collaboration in Technology Adoption -- Elements of "Best-Practice" Strategies for Technology Adoption -- Protection from the Costs of Displacement -- Education for Managers -- 1 Introduction -- TECHNOLOGY AND AMERICAN ECONOMIC WELFARE -- WHOSE JOBS ARE AFFECTED BY TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE? -- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND EMPLOYMENT IN AN "OPEN" ECONOMY -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- 2 The Sources and Rate of Technological Change in the U.S. Economy -- DEFINING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE -- Invention, Innovation, and Diffusion -- Influences on Invention, Innovation, and Diffusion -- The Interaction of Technological and Organizational Change -- Measuring Technological Change -- SOURCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE -- Industrially Funded Research and Development in the United States -- Federally Funded Research and Development -- Foreign Research and Development -- THE DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY -- Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Technology -- Obstacles to the Diffusion of Technology -- KEY TECHNOLOGY "CLUSTERS -- Information Technologies -- Computer-Aided Manufacturing Technologies -- Advanced Materials -- Biotechnology -- SUMMARY.