The Professions Between State and Market: A Cross-National Study of Convergence and Divergence

This paper analyses the impact on the professions of changes in their institutional environment during the last two decades. A comparison is being made between two profession - solicitors/advocates and pharmacists - in the contrasting societal contexts of Britain and Germany. It is suggested that, despite common pressures from the state, the market and technology, there remains a significant degree of diversity between the two societies in the way professions provide their services. A contrast is drawn between British modernisers and German traditionalists. In both Britain and Germany, the combined effects of a more intrusive state, a less protected market and a more consumerist stance from clients have effected some loss of professional autonomy. Professional authority and privilege can no longer be taken for granted but have to be earned by proven performance and enhanced accountability.