Beetsma, Roel; Giuliodori, Massimo - In: Oxford Economic Papers 62 (2010) 3, pp. 419-441
and implementation stages, as well as between the fiscal policy of EU countries and other OECD countries. Planned fiscal … policy is a-cyclical for EU countries and counter-cyclical for the other countries. However, in the implementation stage, the … EU countries react pro-cyclically to unexpected changes in the output gap, while the responses of the other OECD …