Azacis, Helmuts; Collie, David R. - 2020
export taxes, and ad valorem trade taxes are compared in a trade war. A trade war is modelled as a NE in trade policies …, where each country can choose to use ad valorem trade taxes (import tariffs or export taxes, which are equivalent), or … externality a specific export tax dominates a specific import tariff or ad valorem trade taxes. Hence, the Lerner Symmetry Theorem …