Torfs, Wouter - 2023 - August 2023 update
This working paper elaborates on the most recent update of the EIF SME Access to Finance (ESAF) Index, a composite … indicator used to monitor the state of SME external financing markets in the EU. The current update, using data for 2022 … from the war in Ukraine on European SMEs' access to finance. For an extensive overview of the current state of SME …