Cosgel, Metin M.; Ergene, Bogac A.; Etkes, Haggay; … - 2011
Until the seventeenth century, the Ottomans used fines extensively for law enforcement and employed agents to collect … also altered the government’s relationship with local law enforcement agents and reduced the effectiveness of control …, we examine how the earlier mechanisms helped to combat corruption in law enforcement and why they were less effective in …