Estefania-Flores, Julia; Furceri, Davide; Ahmed Hannan, … - 2022
We develop a new Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR) using data from the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange …-relevant measures of trade policy, and covers an unbalanced sample of up to 157 countries annually between 1949 and 2019. MATR is … strongly correlated with, but more comprehensive than, existing measures of openness and trade policy existing measures. We use …