Brandt, Adam R.; Englander, Jacob; Bharadwaj, Sharad - In: Energy 55 (2013) C, pp. 693-702
It has been argued that the oil sands industry is not energy efficient: comparatively large energy inputs are required … per unit of energy output from oil sands operations. Unfortunately, quantitative work to date in this area has suffered … return ratios) for the oil sands industry. We collected monthly oil sands energy consumption and output data from 1970 to …