Klein, Stephen; Freedman, David; Shavelson, Richard; … - In: Evaluation Review 32 (2008) 6, pp. 511-525
The Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) program measures value added in colleges and universities, by testing the … critics. In this paper, we outline the methods used by the CLA to determine value added. We summarize the criticisms, which … revolve around the question of which students take the CLA tests. Typically, samples are not random, so that selection bias is …