Bergbauer, Annika B.; Hanushek, Eric Alan; Woessmann, Ludger - 2018
School systems regularly use student assessments for accountability purposes. But, as highlighted by our conceptual … different stakeholders in different school environments. We build a dataset of over 2 million students in 59 countries observed … fixed effects along with a rich set of student, school, and country measures. We find that the expansion of standardized …