Parsons, Christopher A.; Sulaeman, Johan; Yates, Michael C. - 2008
the umpire and pitcher match race/ethnicity. This effect only exists where there is little scrutiny of umpires' behavior … cannot determine the outcome of the at-bat. If a pitcher shares the home-plate umpire's race/ethnicity, he gives up fewer …, strikes are more likely to be called if the umpire and pitcher match
race/ethnicity. This effect only exists where there is …