Hungerman, Daniel M. - In: Journal of Public Economics 93 (2009) 5-6, pp. 729-740
. The crowd-out estimate for the average church is reasonably large, but this masks significant differences in crowd-out … between communities. Crowd-out occurred almost entirely in relatively homogeneous communities; there is only modest evidence … of crowd-out in racially diverse communities. Thus diverse communities, while having the lowest levels of altruism, are …