Belke, Ansgar; Mattes, Anselm; Wang, Lars - In: Applied Economics Quarterly (formerly: Konjunkturpolitik) 57 (2011) 1, pp. 67-87
In this paper we argue that traditional measures of openness of an economy usually overstate the actual degree of … openness. This is due to the fact that traditional export or import shares are measured as a share of the gross domestic …