Orphanides, Athanasios - 2022
operations. By protecting government bond markets from the self-fulfilling adverse equilibria that the ECB had tolerated in the … synergy of fiscal and monetary policy is neglected by an independent central bank. For the ECB, two critical changes in its …Comparing and contrasting the Fed’s and ECB’s policy responses to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID …