Schneider, Friedrich - 2021
Estimations of the size and development of the shadow economy for 145 countries, including developing, transition and … percent of "official" GDP) in 2002/03 in 96 developing countries is 38.7%, in 25 transition countries 40.1%, in 21 OECD … countries 16.3% and in 3 Communist countries 22.3%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined …