Takala, Kari; Viren, Matti - Suomen Pankki - 2008
qualifications related to the choice of payment media. Here, at least three issues can be distinguished. First is the question of … controversy arises from the fact that the costs and benefits of different payment media affect different market participants in … systems. This shows up in relatively low overall costs of payments. Our estimate of total costs of payment media is 0.3 per …