Campos, Rodolfo G.; Heid, Benedikt; Timini, Jacopo - 2024
West across the Iron Curtain (a symbolical and physical barrier dividing Europe into two distinct areas) was restricted … represented a tariff equivalent of 48% in 1951, trade between East and West gradually became easier until the fall of the Berlin … Wall in 1989. Despite the easing of trade restrictions, we estimate that the Iron Curtain roughly halved East-West trade …