Ilmakunnas, Pekka; Maliranta, Mika - 2003
an unbalanced panel with over 219 000 observations in the years 1991-97. The churning (excess worker turnover), worker … observing non-zero churning, inflow, and outflow rates increase with plant size. The magnitudes of the non-zero churning and … impact on turnover. High plant employment growth increases churning and separation but reduces hiring in the next year. We …