Constructing a new series of incarceration rates from 1860 to 2018, I find that Australia now incarcerates a greater … the mid-1980s. Since 1985, the Australian incarceration rate has risen by 130 percent, and now stands at 0.22 percent of … adults (221 prisoners per 100,000 adults). Recalculating Indigenous incarceration rates so that they are comparable over a …