Whereas 19th century Belgium is traditionally framed as heavily dependent on France, this image ought to be nuanced for … representation as impossible, or as the stepping-stone to direct democracy, ought to be situated within this context …

transition: connections. We document this mechanism in the transition from the Vichy regime to democracy in post-World War II … France. The parliamentarians who had supported the Vichy regime were purged in a two-stage process where each case was judged …

A key tenet of representative democracy is that politicians' discourse and policies should follow voters' preferences … focusing on elections in which they narrowly win their primary (in the U.S.) or narrowly qualify for the runoff (in France …

French Abstract: Le nombre de communes de la France s'explique par la géographie et par l'histoire du peuplement du …English Abstract: The number of municipalities in France is explained by the geography and the history of settlement in … democracy lies in its 500,000 municipal councilors who deal daily and volunteer territory as citizens who elected them. There …

comparative research, we analyse France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom to detect the changes. As expected … show how there are three different paths in the future of democracy: balanced democracy, protest democracy, and … unaccountable democracy. …

Several democracies, such as Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom and the United States, have observed relatively … completely rule out the role of democratic political institutions however it is too early to blame democracy for the havoc caused …

comparative research, we analyse France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom to detect the changes. As expected … show how there are three different paths in the future of democracy: balanced democracy, protest democracy, and … unaccountable democracy. …