At present, anthropogenic systems are synonymous with linear economies that cause wide-spread resource waste and environmental degradation. Urban areas are hotspots for this behaviour due to their high population density and resource consumption. Changing this situation is limited by the lack of...

Previous work examined the long-run profitability of strategies mimicking the trades of company directors in the shares of their own company, as a way of testing for strong-form market efficiency. However, the evidence regarding returns during the month containing the insider trade was...

Estimates of the expected return on equities are of central importance for capital budgeting purposes, actuarial calculations (expected wealth) and, in countries with regulated utilities, for setting the allowed rate of return. The starting point for any of these purposes is the simple annual...

This study examines the patterns of, and long-run returns to, directors’ (insiders’) trades along the Value/Glamour continuum in all stocks listed on the main London Stock Exchange from 1986-2003, and analyzes what these directors’ trades add to a “naïve” value-glamour strategy. We...

Despite the arguments that can be made against using the CAPM, it is very widely used in regulation. In particular, it is relied upon in setting utility prices in each of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and also features in this context in Germany. In addition, UK competition...