levels. Table 3.1: Overview—financial markets in CEE 2000 Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania … EMU an active and open-market stance is required. The euro increases the cost of failure and thus provides a strong … ensure the success of EMU an active and open-market stance is required. The euro increases the cost of failure and thus …

for future price stability in an enlarged European Monetary and Economic Union (EMU). At the heart of this study are the … voting-power analysis. It is presumed that a considerable loss of current EMU-members’ influence power especially in favour … of joining Central Eastern European Countries (CEECs) results in a loss of monetary credibility of the ECB: As …

past convergence experience and in the light of EU rules for economic and monetary policy. Key aspects of the mechanism are …

look at the economic, political, social and institutional consequences for EMU enlargement. …The inclusion on May 1st, 2004 of eight Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) into the European Union (EU), and … subsequently into the European Monetary Union (EMU) some years later, will cause deep changes within the political, economic, and …

This article investigates by means of an augmented gravity model, the impact of EMU on financial market integration …. Our estimates indicate that intra-EMU integration effect improved in both equity and bond markets during the period close … 2001 (18% increase of EMU holdings) reflecting the beneficial impact of EMU and the introduction of the euro, while in the …

This paper proposes a new approach to EMU governance and integration consisting of the following elements: (i) an … at each level of EMU integration that is politically feasible, in order to strengthen synergies between stability and …, enhancing its solidity and credibility (iv) initiatives towards deeper EMU integration should be undertaken where there is …

a thousand salespersons in four former socialist countries - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia. The paper describes … rules of those societies will influence direct customer communication. In order to train salespeople in the transition … economies, we constructed a model of Customer-Oriented Communication (COC). By now this model has been implemented on more than …