Public works programmes (PWPs) are widely used social protection instruments in low- and middle-income countries …. Participants carry out temporary, labour-intensive works in exchange for cash or in-kind compensation. The available empirical … evidence indicates that these programmes are usually effective in improving outcomes such as food security and earnings in the …

European Green Deal and the EU digital strategy). However, the reformed framework does not provide any broadbased exemption for … required in a number of (big) euro area countries from 2025 onwards to comply with the reformed EU fiscal rules. However, the … expenditure on the twin green and digital transition. According to the reformed rules, member states may commit to a package of …

up a specific group that is not directly comparable with either employees or the self-employed.To conclude, a number of …The article presents an overview of digital platform work in Spain and analyses the challenge of quantifying this work … in view of the lack of reliable and comprehensive data available. Digital platforms are technological infrastructures …

strategies and tools can not be applied to the public sector unchanged. Based on a broad discussion of the regulations, the … Auftraggeber, welches deutschlandweit ca. 220 Mrd. Euro und EU-weit bei ca. einer Billion pro Jahr liegt. Aufgrund dieser … diesem juristischen Rahmen werden die ökonomischen Ziele und Nutzenpotentiale untersucht, die sich durch eine Digitalisierung …

entrepreneurs or not. In addition, the paper provides insights into freelance work and highlights the benefits and challenges that … demand and supply of goods and services, known as the "gig economy". The "gig economy" stands for economic activities or work …The development of Internet technology (IT) at the end of the 20th century and its integration into the business sector …

crowdwork is low pay, volatile income streams and no social security benefits. Also, crowdworkers have few possibilities for … social comparison or negotiation because they work outside of company organisations. This article examines the question of … basis of 36 qualitative interviews and a survey of 230 crowdworkers. The justice expectations of crowdworkers involved in …

market by developing and distributing products, either for banks and insurance companies, or for consumers. Companies that … issues such as local office networks and contracts with agents, the new entrants do not necessarily need a local presence to … household loans granted in the euro area are extended on a cross-border basis. The only exceptions that have been identified in …

market by developing and distributing products, either for banks and insurance companies, or for consumers. Companies that … issues such as local office networks and contracts with agents, the new entrants do not necessarily need a local presence to … household loans granted in the euro area are extended on a cross-border basis. The only exceptions that have been identified in …

property and not infringement cases stricto sensu. The object of contention is not the production of a counterfeited good by … imitation or reproduction, but rather a dispute over the authentic product, its circulation, and its market. Regional price … importation provision in the aftermath of the 2007 Supreme Court decision in Kraft Canada v. Euro-Excellence. Finally, the …

this price differentiation is driven by exchange rates and rounding off prices in country stores not denominated in Euro … downloadable music on iTunes, and 81.1% and 90.5% respectively for PS3 and PS4 PlayStation games. We could not directly verify … and may have repercussions not only on downstream consumers but also on upstream parts of the supply chain. Price …