. Transatlantic relations with the EU are also likely to suffer. First, old trade disputes that were largely settled with the Biden … Biden administration that mitigate the protectionist elements of the US Inflation Reduction Act for EU exporters. Third, the … future of the EU-US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) might be jeopardised. This report simulates the impact of two …

uneven progress towards implementing the objectives included in the new trade policy strategy. While the EU's intention to …-centred multilateral trade order is visibly eroding. Protectionism is on the rise around the globe. World trade is growing only marginally …Europe's trade policy is heading for a sea change. But it is not Putin’s war of aggression against Ukraine that is the …

different types of policy measures on services exports and imports, with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. It finds …

theory-consistent and narrative sign restrictions on Bayesian SVARs. We find mostly adverse consequences of protectionism … imply higher output costs of protectionism than partial equilibrium or static trade models. …We estimate the macroeconomic effects of import tariffs and trade policy uncertainty in the United States, combining …

rules. In response, the EU has changed its trade policy under the motto ‘Open Strategic Autonomy’ towards a more assertive … engenders several new or amended trade policy instruments, but meets with reservations as the renewed politicisation of EU trade … new policy instruments will enlarge its leeway in trade policy. The future of the EU's multilateral, rule‐ instead of …

The authors examine the trade policy response of Latin American governments to the rapid growth of China and India in … "protection for sale" model, which performs better than the original specification in terms of explaining Latin America …

We review the EU's trade policy trajectory up to now, situating it within the international context. We then examine …. Instead of aiming for a Europeanization of supply chains and an increase in protectionism, the goal of European trade policy … economic interdependencies. Almost 80 percent of all EU imports take place under the most favored nation (MFN) tariff regime …

This paper documents and evaluates the process of trade reforms in Latin America from the mid-1980s until 1993. It … when import-substitution ideas were supported by the Economic Commission for Latin America to the 1990s when liberal … reform in Latin America is also discussed. The analysis concentrates on the evolution of productivity and exports, and it …