prices in an effort to reduce imports and increase exports. In a sense, the nation loses policy independence to pursue a … world (ROW) wishes to net save in the form of dollar assets. From the perspective of the ROW, exports to the United States … perspective of America as a whole, the “net benefit” of the trade deficit consists of the net imports that are enjoyed. In …

imports, exports and the trade balance. We do not include those variables in our study. For each of the ten variables we have …, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 58: 657–684. 10 Diebold, F. X. & Kilian, L. (2000). Unit root tests are useful …

imports, exports and the trade balance. We do not include those variables in our study. For each of the ten variables we have …, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 58: 657–684. 10 Diebold, F. X. & Kilian, L. (2000). Unit root tests are useful …

recent years a ubstantial inflow of foreign exchange, from a variety of sources: s commodity exports (notably the … others. 6 In Pakistan, workers’ remittances rose from USD1.1 billion in 2000-2001 (13% of exports) to USD4.2 billion in … 2004-2005 (29% of exports). Total net private sector transfers rose from 29% of exports to 59% over the same period. This …

government's New Agricultural Policy, whose major goals were to: • Liberalize trade in traditional agricultural exports such as …, receipts from cocoa and coffee (arabica and robusta) exports amounted to nearly 27% of government foreign revenue, only to drop … to 16% by 1997/98. For the primary sector as a whole, both coffee and cocoa today represent 40% of total exports …

government's New Agricultural Policy, whose major goals were to: • Liberalize trade in traditional agricultural exports such as …, receipts from cocoa and coffee (arabica and robusta) exports amounted to nearly 27% of government foreign revenue, only to drop … to 16% by 1997/98. For the primary sector as a whole, both coffee and cocoa today represent 40% of total exports …

(effective and bilateral); imports, exports and net trade; survey data; and other miscellaneous series. A complete list of the … synchronisation with the EMU for GDP, industrial production and exports, but not for consumption and services. The remaining … lagged transformed values (denoted y t ) of x t , the series of interest. More precisely, the forecasting models all have …

inventory change, x exports, m imports, and g government spending. 8 H j is the bridge matrix for component j. All of the … proposed in this paper), see Meade (1999). The IDLIFT model forecasts output, employment, prices, exports, imports and … (NIPA). There is a real side and a price side. On the real side, each component of final demand (i.e., the usual C+I+G+X …

our sample account for roughly half of all applications. 18 The figure excludes firms with both exports and imports. We … have repeated our estimations by including in the “exporter” category all firms that report exports regardless of whether … they report imports or not. The results are qualitatively identical, and quantitatively close to those reported. 19 [TABLE …