efficient use of natural resources. Patent law is generally considered an important tool to promote innovation. The question …

directed to actions that are more common for the most innovative companies. Many are directed to actions patent owners take to … to the PTO, but the PTO’s materials present no data to show benefit to the public or to innovation, and the discussion … just risky to innovation, it’s unlawful. Many of the PTO’s intuitions for “policy” conflict with our experience in the real …

terms. Patent owners that commonly offer their patents for license, such as universities and other innovation specialists …This paper has attempted a comprehensive investigation of the economic impact of patent holdout by (1) providing a … theoretical foundation of patent holdout and its economic implications, (2) operationalizing this theory into several testable …

crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in … the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect of patent length and scope on generic entry prior to the expiration … of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …

keywords in patent text to create a new measure of automation innovation in machinery. We show that our measure is correlated …Do higher wages lead to more automation innovation? To answer this question, we first use the frequency of certain … and information on geographical patent history to build firm-specific measures of low- and high-skill wages. In a firm …