Electricity markets are prone to the abuse of market power. Several US markets employ algorithms to monitor and mitigate market power abuse in real time. The performance of automated mitigation procedures is contingent on precise estimates of firms' marginal production costs. Currently, marginal...

We are amid an international resurgence in public interest and regulatory activity focused on the challenges posed to economies and democracies by corporations in key markets in the global digital economy currently dominated by a small number of major firms. As “big tech” takes on more...

The European Commission has proposed a new regulatory tool for the governance of digital markets. The Digital Markets Act (DMA) intents to limit the market behavior of socalled gatekeeper companies to ensure contestable and fair digital markets. We review the provisions of the DMA both from a...

The EU agenda for improving competitiveness is missing in action. Economic competitiveness has been a central plank in the development of the European Union - a relentless quest for policies that lead to more prosperity and that make European companies in world markets more successful. However,...

Data processing by businesses in digital markets is being scrutinized, by both Data Protection Authorities and Competition Regulators, albeit for different reasons. Sometimes pro-privacy policies may limit competition while pro- competition measures may dilute privacy. At other times, an...

The European Commission has proposed a new regulatory tool for the governance of digital markets. The Digital Markets Act (DMA) intents to limit the market behavior of so called gatekeeper companies to ensure contestable and fair digital markets. We review the provisions of the DMA both from a...

Regulation 1/2003 is generally considered to have implemented a comprehensive and overall successful “modernisation” of the European Union antitrust procedural framework. At the same time, almost twenty years have passed since its adoption. Business realities and the enforcement landscape...