Similarly to many other European countries, Germany has experienced a considerable demographic shift since the 1970s: higher life expectancy and diminishing birth rates, only partly balanced by immigration, have led to an altered population structure with an increasing share of elderly people....

This impact of the COVID-19 on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non state-owned enterprises (NSOEs) are different. In addition, the benefits obtained by SOEs and NSOEs through value-added tax (VAT) reduction policy are not the same as well. COVID-19 adversely affect Chinese listed firms but...

As the UK left the European Union, a new body of UK law, labelled ‘retained EU law’, was introduced to save and convert certain parts of EU law into UK statutes. This paper explores the impact of Brexit on statutory interpretation in the UK in the context of VAT. In particular, it looks at...

Who bears the costs of tax enforcement? Using a reform enforcing value added tax (VAT) on previously non-compliant large retailers in Armenia, we estimate that only one-third of the enforcement burden was passed onto consumers through higher prices. In contrast, we show that the incidence of...

Since the 1970s, economic inequality has soared dramatically across the globe and particularly in the United States. In that time, one of the obstacles of using fiscal policy to address inequality has been the growing myth of the “overtaxed American”—the misguided notion that U.S....

This paper examines the appropriateness of VAT as an economic institution and finds that the effect of VAT adoption on tax capacity depends on its appropriateness to the adopting country. Following the literature that reveal the VAT diffusion is primarily driven by countries’ geographic...

VAT is an important revenue source for all governments levying the tax. The collections fund important public goods and services that enhance the lives of those persons whose consumption triggers the tax and who ultimately bear the burden of the tax. Along the supply chain to that final...

When regions in close proximity have different tax rates, residents may engage in cross-border shopping and take advantage of tax differentials. The extent of this activity can be captured by the tax elasticity of border sales (TEBS). We collect 749 estimates of TEBS reported in 60 studies, and...