This paper starts from an analysis of teacher remuneration levels across countries to identify the important trends which could influence access and quality. It then goes on to discuss a range of cost-effective strategies which have been employed by the state in developing countries to increase...

Social Safety Nets (SSNs) are the institutions and regularized practices which serve to protect individuals from remaining or falling below a defined standard of living. A variety of SSNs have existed in developing countries for decades -- employment generation schemes, food subsidies, targeted...

This paper draws upon case studies of countries which universalised primary schooling early in their development process and rapidly increased secondary enrolments thereafter: Sri Lanka and Kerala state (India) from South Asia; Republic of Korea and Malaysia in East Asia; Botswana, Mauritius and...

Over the past two decades a number of international declarations have sought to ensure access t o safe water and sanitation with environmental sustainability. A range of criteria and financing mechanisms have been proposed for the mobilisation and allocation of financial resources. Yet millions...

This paper has presented a menu of options in respect of the financial reforms necessary to address the reasons for the decline in the enrolment ratio witnessed in Africa over the eighties. Given slow economic growth and the need to keep fiscal deficits down, the education budget will remain...