This lecture, delivered at Copenhagen Business School on 18 November 2011, examines the legal and constitutional methodologies underlying private commercial arbitration, national, regional and worldwide adjudication in trade and investment regulation with a particular focus on ‘multilevel...

On 1 February 2012, member states of the European Union minus the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic agreed on the text of the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (the Fiscal Compact Treaty or FCT), subsequently signed on 2 March 2012. The new...

The so-called quot;commitment decisionquot; procedure, introduced into European competition law with Art. 9 of Regulation 1/2003, was meant to provide the Commission with the possibility to dispose of competition law cases by way of a kind of formal settlement, roughly analogous to the US...

Since the Conclusions of the European Council on the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) at Tampere in 1999 the Union has recognised the significance of the external dimension to this policy field, and over the last decade the Union's activity in this field has both intensified and...

The paper analyses the relationship between administrative and judicial enforcement in Consumer Protection. It first sets out the European state of development with regard to injunctions, thereby focusing on the different models of the European group actions and the regulation of standing, as...

This contribution discusses legal and methodological problems of multilevel governance of the international trading, development, environmental and legal systems from the perspective of “public goods theories” and related legal theories. The state-centred, power-oriented governance practices...

This working paper addresses two dimensions in which transnational or supranational regulatory regimes may be regarded as self-sufficient, providing some reasons, limits and pitfalls from such a tendency. The focus of both parts is on competition policy, which is of particular importance because...

This paper examines two indexes of state failure and state fragility. It considers the wider historical context for the emergence of interest in state failure and state fragility, and examines attempts to define the concepts. After reflecting on the limitations and difficulties of various...

With its provisions on the EMU, the Maastricht Treaty introduced a new, ’macroeconomic’ layer into the European economic constitution. The Maastricht layer of the European economic constitution was based on the following principles: exclusive competence of the EU in monetary policy in the...

The financial crisis challenges the European Economic Constitution in that the two major pillars, the competition rules and the economic freedoms are put into question. This working paper contains the proceedings of a workshop which was held in Florence on the 4th December 2009. The paper brings...