Among the numerous legislative initiatives implemented around the globe on digital platforms, some of these provisions are explicitly directed towards app stores. As they have all the distinctive features of multi-sided markets, app store owners represent the prototype of digital gatekeepers,...

In the digital society, the availability of information is both a blessing and a curse. Particularly on social media, the question of how information spreads is mostly engulfed in the commercial interests of platforms who rely on algorithmic governance in managing information flows, and the...

The economic features of digital markets and the strategic role played by large platforms represent the premises of a significant shift in the approach to the interface between antitrust and regulation, whereas traditionally the former has been seen as preferable to the latter. Indeed, several...

Disruptive technologies displace established industries by creating innovative products that lead to completely new markets. Developments such as e-commerce or social media have had a profound impact on society. Law generally reacts to such developments only if there are circumstances (e.g. case...

This paper looks at how EU and U.S. competition laws deal with restrictions of online sales in distribution agreements, respectively. The growing importance of online commerce highlights how vertical competition law enforcement is still an important building block of competition law policies,...