This paper provides a long-term view on the sources of knowledge flow between developed and developing nations. It …. All three sources provide a very consistent message. First, knowledge flows with East Asia, particularly China, are … occurring more frequently. Second, knowledge flows are increasingly concentred in information and communication technologies …

relations between MNEs and domestic firms lead to direct transfers of knowledge/technology. We first document that there are … present in sub-Saharan Africa, they raise the likelihood of direct knowledge/technology transfers from MNEs to domestic firms … as compared with linked-in firms in Asia. Finally, we do not find that direct knowledge/technology transfers are more …

driven by knowledge flows that are triggered by emigrants. While skilled migrants are not inventing in their home country … anymore, they contribute to cross-border knowledge and technology diffusion and thus help less advanced countries to catch up …