Despite recent efforts in Peru to boost financial inclusion, significant issues of exclusion persist, especially among vulnerable groups. This article aims to identify and analyze areas at risk of financial exclusion using a multifaceted methodology: the Financial Access Survey (FAS) for...

Over the last few years, the holding and use of cryptocurrencies, as well as the entire ecosystem of decentralised finance (DeFi), has become popular worldwide. However, their acceptance and use are not equal for various reasons; and it is important to know these limiting reasons. There is a...

This article analyzes the current situation of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), which are digital currencies backed by a central bank. It introduces their current status, and how several countries and currency areas are considering their implementation, following in the footsteps of the...

1. Trends and developments in the Spanish banking sectorWhile the deleveraging of the banking system appears to be nearing its end, the number of employees and branches in the sector continues to fall. Solvency and asset quality have further improved. In terms of the system's results, income...

This research study has various objectives. First, to highlight the importance of investment in infrastructure on economic growth. Second, to underscore the need for a competitive and transparent process to implement these investments, which must be aimed at efficiency and obtaining a proper...

RESUMENLas inversiones empresariales dirigidasa mejorar los procesos y a reducircostos, en ciertos casos, suscitan dificultadesde interpretación contablefrente a la jurídica impositiva. Estecaso describe la situación que afrontóSugar S.A. al utilizar la deducción tributariaespecial del 40%...

The reform of the pension system of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in 1997, limited the growing fiscal cost of the previous pay-as-you-go scheme. Sixteen years on from its creation, the Retirement Savings System (SAR) has had favourable macroeconomic effects for Mexico, as it has...

La reforma del sistema de pensiones del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) efectuada en 1997 permitio acotar el creciente costo fiscal que significaba el anterior esquema de reparto. A 16 anos de su creacion, el Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (SAR) ha tenido efectos macroeconomicos...

Este documento desarrolla un modelo para el sistema de pensiones peruano con el fin de estudiar los probables efectos sobre distintos segmentos de la población de la reforma del Sistema Privado de Pensiones (SPP) peruano implementado en el año 2012. Se realizan además diversos experimentos...