This study examines the changing dimensions of freedom of expression as a result of the changing characteristics of the medium through which the expression manifests; and proposes a conceptual framework to map how these characteristics affect freedom of expression in general, and presumption of...

Universal Service Obligation has traditionally been envisioned as an obligation on private telecommunications service providers to provide basic voice services on fixed-line local loops at reasonable prices. In the recent past, this concept has widened in scope to keep pace with advancement in...

Section 4(1) of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act 2003 requires the Central Government to eliminate revenue deficit and thereafter generate revenue surplus. In 2010-2011, unexpectedly high receipts from auction of spectrum in the 2100 MHz and 2300 MHz bands accounted for 55% of...

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India recommended in April 2012 that spectrum held by incumbent operators in the 900 MHz band be refarmed and substitute spectrum be provided in the 1800 MHz band so that the vacated 900 MHz band can be liberalized and auctioned for provision of IMT services...

This study examines Section 3 of the National Food Security Bill 2011 that entitles every person belonging to ‘priority’ and ‘general’ households to receive seven and three kilograms respectively of subsidised foodgrains per person per month. The study demonstrates that the economic cost...

The telecom operators, though providers of services to end customers, are also recipients of services from the Government of India. These services are received from the Government through its various organs including the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Telecom Commission (TC), Telecom...

This paper develops a simple mathematical model to explain the governing dynamics of leadership and followership in an organisation. The model is based on the contingency theory of leadership. It recognizes leadership and followership at various levels of the hierarchy and demonstrates how both...

This paper conducts a social cost benefit analysis of TRAI recommendations on spectrum refarming and liberalization. Need for a social cost benefit analysis of the TRAI recommendations was recognized because a private cost benefit analysis fails to capture the benefit of liberalizing the 900 MHz...

In 2008, the Central Government of India granted 122 telecom licenses to various companies in response to 575 applications for licenses. In a report in 2010-11, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India concluded that the allocation of these 122 licenses was characterised by policy gaps...