Production of high volumes of flowback and produced water (FPW) from hydraulic fracturing (HF) is among the environmental concerns associated with hydrocarbon recovery from unconventional low-permeability formations. FPW management costs are a key factor for oil and gas companies in deciding the...

There is considerable debate about the sustainability of the hydraulic fracturing (HF) water cycle in North America. Recently, this debate has expanded to China, where HF activities continue to grow. Here, we provide a critical review of the HF water cycle in China, including water withdrawal...

In this article we review prior literature regarding the concept of social license to operate, and related concepts, including corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, stakeholder management and cumulative effects. Informed by these concepts, we search for newspaper articles...