The paper investigates the efficient extraction path in a partial equilibrium model with exhaustible resource, the usage of which is characterized by return flows, and a backstop to analyze the sequence of the resource use. It is shown that in the presence of users with different return flow...

Due to high inflation and the lack of financial instruments, the Russian economy is currently highly dollarized. The share of dollars in the total amount of cash circulating in the Russian economy constitutes about 80%. What is the degree of this currency substitution phenomenon? What are the...