Given the essential role co-ops play in the Canadian economy, the primary purpose of this paper is to develop methods to forecast their likelihood of insolvency. However, investor-owner firms form the basic unit of analysis of most popular bankruptcy predictors used in Canada. The question is...

Transaction exposure normally arises when there exists a time lag between the time the financial obligation has been incurred and the time it is due to be settled, because the purchase price to the buyer/retailer may, on settlement day, differs from that when it was incurred, if the debt is...

The human development index (HDI) developed by the United Nations Development Programme is computed as the average of three equally weighted outcome measures: life expectancy (LI), educational attainment (EI) and income (WI). However, this computational process is independent of the resources...