Background: About 90.4% of Togolese workers operate in the informal sector and account for between 20 and 30% of Togo's Gross Domestic Product. Despite their importance in the Togolese economy, informal sector workers (ISW) do not have a health insurance scheme. This paper aims to estimate the...

Background: In developing countries, health shock is one of the most common idiosyncratic income shock and the main reason why households fall into poverty. Empirical research has shown that in these countries, households are unable to access formal insurance markets in order to insure their...

Background: About 90.4% of Togolese workers operate in the informal sector and account for between 20 and 30% of Togo’s Gross Domestic Product. Despite their importance in the Togolese economy, informal sector workers (ISW) do not have a health insurance scheme. This paper aims to estimate the...

Background: In developing countries, health shock is one of the most common idiosyncratic income shock and the main reason why households fall into poverty. Empirical research has shown that in these countries, households are unable to access formal insurance markets in order to insure their...

A review of health budgets reflects a budget shortfall in Togo. Togolese health facilities are characterized by a lack of qualified staff, obsolete technical equipment and outdated health infrastructure. The rate of hospital attendance which was 60% in 1990, declined to 31% in 2010. Barely half...

A review of health budgets reflects a budget shortfall in Togo. Togolese health facilities are characterized by a lack of qualified staff, obsolete technical equipment and outdated health infrastructure. The rate of hospital attendance which was 60% in 1990, declined to 31% in 2010. Barely half...