This paper traces state policies for independent volunteerism in Japan from 1945 onward. It shows how official involvement resulted in extensive institutionalization of independent volunteers and helped produce an image of volunteerism as apolitical activity for service provision within the...

In 1993, the info-media companies, Philips and Sony brought their new digital audio recording systems (Digital Compact Cassette and the Mini Disc respectively) onto the market. Since both systems can make perfect digital copies of Compact Discs, this will dramatically affect the profitability of...