The 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) concluded that El Salvador was "trapped” in vicious cyclesof low poverty reduction and growth and argued for a "big push” in six priority areas. Three mutuallyreinforcing cycles hampered growth and shared prosperity: (i) low growth and violence,...

The link between tourism and growth is very important for some countries, especially small island countries like São Tomé and Príncipe. This paper investigates the empirical determinants of tourism outcomes (tourist arrivals and expenditures) and uses the findings to assess the performance of...

The link between tourism and growth is very important for some countries, especially small island countries like São Tomé and Príncipe. This paper investigates the empirical determinants of tourism outcomes (tourist arrivals and expenditures) and uses the findings to assess the performance of...

The 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) concluded that El Salvador was "trapped" in vicious cycles of low poverty reduction and growth and argued for a "big push" in six priority areas. Three mutually reinforcing cycles hampered growth and shared prosperity: (i) low growth and violence,...

The purpose of this background note is to give an overview of the literature on output volatility and economic growth, assess output volatility and its impact in São Tomé and Príncipe (STP). This note is organized in four sections, besides this introductory part. The second section reviews...

The purpose of this background note is to give an overview of the literature on output volatility and economic growth, assess output volatility and its impact in Sao Tome and Principe (STP). This note is organized in four sections, besides this introductory part. The second section reviews the...

This paper reviews international practices for ?bottom-up costing? for medium-term expenditure frameworks. Medium-term expenditure frameworks are important because they incorporate the multi-annual nature of the fiscal policy into the budget process, mitigating its short-term bias. They also...

This paper is part of a wider research on “Tax Systems and Tax Reforms in Latin America,” carried out at the Department of Public Economics of the University of Pavia, under the direction of L. Bernardi, A. Barreix, A. Marenzi and P. Profeta, and the supervision of V. Tanzi. Herein the...

This paper reviews international practices for ‘bottom-up costing’ for medium-term expenditure frameworks. Medium-term expenditure frameworks are important because they incorporate the multi-annual nature of the fiscal policy into the budget process, mitigating its short-term bias. They also...