We report about the universality of rank–integration distributions of open spaces in city space syntax similar to the famous rank-size distributions of cities (Zipf’s law). We also demonstrate that the degree of choice an open space represents for other spaces directly linked to it in a city...

We propose a simple random process generating various types of random graphs and the scale-free random graphs among others. The model is of a threshold nature and differs from the preferential attachment approach discussed in the literature before.