What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land reform that ostensibly addresses rural grievances sometimes exacerbate unrest? We advance the understanding of these longstanding questions by shifting the emphasis from how landholding inequality fuels...

What is the importance of political parties for the fiscal behavior of subnational governments in Brazil? Existing studies have found little or no effect of political affiliation on spending patterns. We argue that the nonresults are due to methodological limitations, case selection, and an...