Grinold linked investment alpha and Information Ratio to the breadth of independent active bets in an investment universe with his Fundamental Law of Active Management. Breadth is often misinterpreted as the number of eligible securities in a manager's investment universe, but this ignores the...

The European Landscape Convention's (ELC) definition of landscape, "an area, as perceived by people...", places the public central to any understanding of landscape. This paper argues for 'just' involvement of the public and looks at how the focus of landscape as a perceived entity has been...